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The detection of nucleic acids and their mutation derivatives is vital for biomedical science and applications. Although many nucleic acid biosensors have been developed, they often require pretreatment processes, such as target amplification and tagging probes to nucleic acids. Moreover, current biosensors typically cannot detect sequence-specific mutations in the targeted nucleic acids. To address the above problems, herein, we developed an electrochemical nanobiosensing system using a phenomenon comprising metal ion intercalation into the targeted mismatched double-stranded nucleic acids and a homogeneous Au nanoporous electrode array (Au NPEA) to obtain (i) sensitive detection of viral RNA without conventional tagging and amplifying processes, (ii) determination of viral mutation occurrence in a simple detection manner, and (iii) multiplexed detection of several RNA targets simultaneously. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and its mutation derivative were used in this study. Our developed nanobiosensor exhibited highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (∼1 fM detection limit) without tagging and amplifying steps. In addition, a single point mutation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in a one-step analysis. Furthermore, multiplexed detection of several SARS-CoV-2 RNAs was successfully demonstrated using a single chip with four combinatorial NPEAs generated by a 3D printing technique. Collectively, our developed nanobiosensor provides a promising platform technology capable of detecting various nucleic acids and their mutation derivatives in highly sensitive, simple, and time-effective manners for point-of-care biosensing. 

The current three sigma tension in the unitarity test of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is a notable problem with the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. A long-standing goal of the study of free neutron beta decay is to better determine the CKM elementV_udthrough measurements of the neutron lifetime and a decay correlation parameter. The Nab collaboration intends to measurea, the neutrino-electron correlation, with accuracy sufficient for a competitive evaluation ofV_udbased on neutron decay data alone. This paper gives a status report and an outlook. 

Abstract The human neurovascular system is a complex network of blood vessels and brain cells that is essential to the proper functioning of the brain. Researchers have become increasingly interested in the system for developing drugs to treat neuroinflammation. Currently, creating neurovascular models begins with animal models, followed by testing on humans in clinical trials. However, the high number of medication failures that pass through animal testing indicates that animal models do not always reflect the outcome of human clinical trials. To overcome the challenges of the issues with animal models, a neurovascular‐unit‐on‐a‐chip system is developed to accurately replicate the in vivo human neurovascular microenvironment. By replicating the human neurovascular unit, a more accurate representation of human physiology can be achieved compared to animal models. The ability to detect proinflammatory cytokines in situ and monitor physiological changes can provide an invaluable tool for evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs. Using nanosized graphene oxide for in situ detection of inflammatory responses is an innovative approach that can advance the field of neuroinflammation research. Overall, the developed neuroinflammation‐on‐a‐chip system has the potential to provide a more efficient and effective method for developing drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases and other central nervous system diseases.